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SS ''Merion'' was an ocean liner built in 1902 for the American Line, a subsidiary line of the International Mercantile Marine (IMM). She also sailed for the Red Star Line and the Dominion Line—both subsidiary lines of IMM—during her passenger career. After the outbreak of World War I she was bought by the British Admiralty and converted to serve as a decoy resembling the Royal Navy battlecruiser . In May 1915, while posing as ''Tiger'' in the Aegean Sea, ''Merion'' was sunk by the German submarine . == Career == ''Merion'' was built by John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Scotland for the American Line, a subsidiary of the International Navigation Company, and launched on 26 November 1901.〔 The ship was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam. She had a gross register tonnage (GRT) of 11,621. The ship had twin screw propellers powered by twin triple-expansion steam engines, and, at top speed, could move .〔 As built, ''Merion'' had accommodations for 150 second- and 1,700 third-class passengers.〔 She was a sister ship to . Upon completion, the ship was chartered to the Dominion Line, a subsidiary line of International Mercantile Marine (IMM) with which International Navigation had merged in 1902. The liner sailed for Dominion on her maiden voyage on 8 March 1902 from Liverpool to Boston. After completing eleven voyages on that route, ''Merion'' was returned to the American Line in March 1903. The following month she began sailing on the Liverpool–Philadelphia route on which she sailed most of the rest of her passenger career. She was briefly chartered to the Red Star Line in 1907 for one Antwerp–New York voyage.〔 The liner had several mishaps during her passenger career. On 2 March 1903, an article in ''The Washington Post'' reported that ''Merion'' had run aground shortly after leaving Queenstown while en route to Liverpool from Boston. The ship was freed from her perch near Chicago Knoll by the rising tide, but when she got underway again became stuck fast in almost the same spot. At press time, two British Admiralty tugs had been dispatched to free the ship. Almost exactly a year later, ''Merion'' collided with the steamer ''Clan Grant'' off Tuskar Rock on 30 March 1904 and was damaged.〔 On 24 December 1912, ''Merion'' collided with a tanker off the Delaware coast and sustained damage which included two flooded compartments. The ship was beached below Cross Ledge, but was refloated and made way under her own power back to Philadelphia, after discharging her cargo and passengers. After the outbreak of World War I in Europe, ''Merion'' was equipped with four guns for defensive purposes. ''Merion'' was the subject of a protest by the German Consul at Philadelphia, when she docked at that port equipped with those guns, counter to rules regarding armed ships in neutral ports. The still-neutral United States required that the guns be removed before they would allow ''Merion'' to sail;〔〔The United States did not enter World War I until April 1917.〕 her guns were stowed belowdecks when she departed Philadelphia on 5 September 1914.〔 ''Merion''s final voyage on the Liverpool–Philadelphia route began on 31 October, after which she was sold to the British Admiralty.〔 ''Merion'' was employed as part of a program that disguised ocean liners to resemble Royal Navy capital ships. ''Merion'' was patterned after the British battlecruiser and deployed in the Mediterranean.〔〔The real was a part of the British Grand Fleet and not in the Mediterranean. See: .〕 For this duty, the liner was equipped with canvas-and-wood replicas of ''Tiger''s guns, and her crew had to stow them whenever approached by neutral ships. The ship was also overloaded with ballast to make the ship ride lower in the water to match the profile of the real ''Tiger''.〔 On 29 May 1915, the German submarine , apparently tempted by the prospect of sinking a British battlecruiser, allowed five loaded transports to sail past before launching a torpedo attack on ''Merion''. One torpedo from ''UB-8'' struck the liner and exploded, sending some of the "cement and stones" used as ballast into the air. Some of ''Merion''s crew that were knocked overboard by the explosion were able to float ashore on nearby Strati Island on remnants of the liner's false guns.〔 Despite being severely overloaded, ''Merion'' did not immediately sink, remaining afloat more than 24 hours before finally succumbing to the attack on 31 May.〔 There are no reports of any deaths during ''Merion''s sinking.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Merion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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